{"id":7476,"date":"2025-12-15T11:46:46","date_gmt":"2025-12-15T10:46:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/?page_id=7476"},"modified":"2025-12-16T15:43:17","modified_gmt":"2025-12-16T14:43:17","slug":"etudes","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/fr\/institut\/publications\/etudes\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9tudes"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"7476\" class=\"elementor elementor-7476\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4846c15 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"4846c15\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;background_motion_fx_motion_fx_scrolling&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;background_motion_fx_translateX_effect&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;background_motion_fx_translateX_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:7,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;background_motion_fx_translateX_affectedRange&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;start&quot;:0,&quot;end&quot;:100}},&quot;background_motion_fx_devices&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;mobile&quot;]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6b6de44\" data-id=\"6b6de44\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-efa71b9 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"efa71b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;,&quot;_animation_tablet&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:100}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Institut<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da4a00b elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"da4a00b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInLeft&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c9tudes Makutano.<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-57f66ac\" data-id=\"57f66ac\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-34b54478 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"34b54478\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-471f6758\" data-id=\"471f6758\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c33177f titre-2-puce elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7c33177f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_tablet&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;_animation_mobile&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Les \u00e9tudes de l'institut Makutano.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43904404 elementor-grid-3 elementor-grid-tablet-2 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-posts--thumbnail-top elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts\" data-id=\"43904404\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;classic_row_gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:30,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_tablet&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;pagination_type&quot;:&quot;numbers_and_prev_next&quot;,&quot;classic_columns&quot;:&quot;3&quot;,&quot;classic_columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;classic_columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;classic_row_gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;classic_row_gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"posts.classic\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-posts--skin-classic elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-2423 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-etudes tag-protected\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/fr\/financement-des-elections-dans-un-environnement-incertain-et-rationalite-du-decideur-macroeconomique-implications-pour-une-reforme-electorale\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/blog-institut-defaut.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-1290\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/blog-institut-defaut.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/blog-institut-defaut-600x338.jpg 600w, https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/blog-institut-defaut-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/blog-institut-defaut-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/blog-institut-defaut-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/blog-institut-defaut-610x343.jpg 610w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/fr\/financement-des-elections-dans-un-environnement-incertain-et-rationalite-du-decideur-macroeconomique-implications-pour-une-reforme-electorale\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tFinancement des \u00e9lections dans un environnement incertain et rationalit\u00e9 du d\u00e9cideur macro\u00e9conomique : implications pour une r\u00e9forme \u00e9lectorale<br>Document de travail n\u00b002\/2021\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-date\">\n\t\t\t19 mars 2021\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/fr\/financement-des-elections-dans-un-environnement-incertain-et-rationalite-du-decideur-macroeconomique-implications-pour-une-reforme-electorale\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Financement des \u00e9lections dans un environnement incertain et rationalit\u00e9 du d\u00e9cideur macro\u00e9conomique : implications pour une r\u00e9forme \u00e9lectorale&lt;br&gt;Document de travail n\u00b002\/2021\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tLire la suite\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-2416 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-etudes tag-protected\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/fr\/la-judiciarisation-du-conflit-electoral-a-la-federation-des-entreprises-du-congo-faits-et-arguments-de-droit\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/blog-institut-defaut.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-1290\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/blog-institut-defaut.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/blog-institut-defaut-600x338.jpg 600w, https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/blog-institut-defaut-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/blog-institut-defaut-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/blog-institut-defaut-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/blog-institut-defaut-610x343.jpg 610w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/fr\/la-judiciarisation-du-conflit-electoral-a-la-federation-des-entreprises-du-congo-faits-et-arguments-de-droit\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tLa judiciarisation du conflit \u00e9lectoral \u00e0 la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration des Entreprises du Congo : Faits et arguments de droit<br>Document de travail n\u00b001\/2021\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-date\">\n\t\t\t7 mars 2021\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/fr\/la-judiciarisation-du-conflit-electoral-a-la-federation-des-entreprises-du-congo-faits-et-arguments-de-droit\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about La judiciarisation du conflit \u00e9lectoral \u00e0 la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration des Entreprises du Congo : Faits et arguments de droit&lt;br&gt;Document de travail n\u00b001\/2021\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tLire la suite\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-2412 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-etudes tag-protected\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/fr\/analyse-economico-juridique-du-risque-dapplication-de-la-loi-sur-la-sous-traitance-dans-le-secteur-prive-en-republique-democratique-du-congo\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/blog-institut-defaut.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-1290\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/blog-institut-defaut.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/blog-institut-defaut-600x338.jpg 600w, https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/blog-institut-defaut-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/blog-institut-defaut-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/blog-institut-defaut-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/blog-institut-defaut-610x343.jpg 610w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/fr\/analyse-economico-juridique-du-risque-dapplication-de-la-loi-sur-la-sous-traitance-dans-le-secteur-prive-en-republique-democratique-du-congo\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tAnalyse \u00e9conomico-juridique du risque d\u2019application de la loi sur la sous-traitance dans le secteur priv\u00e9 en R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo<br>Document de travail n\u00b002\/2020\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-date\">\n\t\t\t10 d\u00e9cembre 2020\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/fr\/analyse-economico-juridique-du-risque-dapplication-de-la-loi-sur-la-sous-traitance-dans-le-secteur-prive-en-republique-democratique-du-congo\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Analyse \u00e9conomico-juridique du risque d\u2019application de la loi sur la sous-traitance dans le secteur priv\u00e9 en R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo&lt;br&gt;Document de travail n\u00b002\/2020\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tLire la suite\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-2259 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-etudes tag-protected\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/fr\/a-la-poursuite-de-lindependance-economique-de-la-republique-democratique-du-congo-4\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/blog-institut-defaut.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-1290\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/blog-institut-defaut.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/blog-institut-defaut-600x338.jpg 600w, https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/blog-institut-defaut-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/blog-institut-defaut-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/blog-institut-defaut-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/blog-institut-defaut-610x343.jpg 610w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/fr\/a-la-poursuite-de-lindependance-economique-de-la-republique-democratique-du-congo-4\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tA la poursuite de l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance \u00e9conomique de la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo<br>Document de travail n\u00b001\/2020\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-date\">\n\t\t\t20 novembre 2020\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/fr\/a-la-poursuite-de-lindependance-economique-de-la-republique-democratique-du-congo-4\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about A la poursuite de l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance \u00e9conomique de la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo&lt;br&gt;Document de travail n\u00b001\/2020\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tLire la suite\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Institut \u00c9tudes Makutano. Les \u00e9tudes de l&rsquo;institut Makutano.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":2066,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7476","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7476"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7476"}],"version-history":[{"count":31,"href":"https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7476\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7618,"href":"https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7476\/revisions\/7618"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2066"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/preview.makutano.events\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7476"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}